峰值电量约束下的场桥能耗最小化问题研究

随着化石能源的大量使用带来的环境污染问题日益严峻,关注能源使用效率的集装箱港口绿色化运营研究成为近年来的热点之一.本文以集装箱堆场中需要执行预倒箱作业的场桥为研究对象,考虑场桥不同运行状态下的单位时间电量需求不同以及峰值电量实时约束,建立了以总能耗最小化为目标的多场桥调度问题的混合整数规划数学模型.继而,将关键变量利用非连续贝和连续贝两种不同的方式进行编码,将次级变量利用启发式规则进行解码,并设计了相对应的遗传算法交叉与变异方法.数值实验表明,连续贝编码方法表现更为优异;通过与Cplex在小规模算例中的比较,与粒子群算法及人工蜂群算法在大规模算例中的比较,验证了所设计遗传算法的有效性.同时,通过与传统策略的对比,表明本模型可以同时实现能耗总需求与峰值需求两方面的优化,从而可以为港口管理人员在不影响既定日常运营工作的前提下降低能源成本提供科学有效的指导.     

Superior corrosion resistance-dependent laser energy density in(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 high entropy alloy coating fabricated by laser cladding

(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 high entropy alloy(HEA)coatings were successfully fabricated on a substrate of Q235 steel by laser cladding technology.These(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coatings possess excellent properties,particularly corrosion resistance,which is clearly superior to that of some typical bulk HEA and common engineering alloys.In order to obtain appropriate laser cladding preparation process parameters,the effects of laser energy density on the microstructure,microhardness,and corrosion resistance of(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coating were closely studied.Results showed that as the laser energy density increases,precipitation of the Laves phase in(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coating gradually decreases,and diffusion of the Fe element in the substrate intensifies,affecting the integrity of the(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA.This decreases the microhardness of(CoCrFeNi)95Nb5 HEA coatings.Moreover,the relative content of Cr2O3,Cr(OH)3,and Nb2O5 in the surface passive film of the coating decreases with increasing energy density,causing corrosion resistance to decrease.This study demonstrates the controllability of a high-performance HEA coating using laser cladding technology,which has significance for the laser cladding preparation of other CoCrFeNi-system HEA coatings.     

原位生成NbC增强YCF102熔覆层热力学与耐磨性研究

熔覆层性能难以满足特定的工艺要求，已成为限制激光熔覆发展的关键因素之一.鉴于此，在45号钢基体上制备出原位生成NbC增强YCF102熔覆层，并进行了热力学分析.通过XRD，SEM和EDS对其微观形貌及组成成分进行了分析，对其显微硬度及耐磨性进行了研究.结果表明:激光功率的改变对激光熔覆过程中原位反应的反应程度有显著影响，过大或者过小的激光功率均会对原位反应的发生起到抑制作用;YCF102熔覆层中原位生成的NbC颗粒的主要形态为四边形和花瓣形;当激光功率为525W时，原位生成NbC增强YCF102熔覆层具有较高的显微硬度及良好的耐磨性.     

基于域适应与分类器差异的滚动轴承跨域故障诊断

基于数据驱动方法诊断滚动轴承故障时，不同工况下的数据特征分布差异会导致模型诊断性能严重下降.针对这一问题，提出了基于域适应与分类器差异的滚动轴承跨域故障诊断方法.首先利用卷积神经网络对带标记的源域样本和无标记的目标域样本进行特征提取;然后通过2个全连接分类器进行故障分类;最后通过分步优化分类损失、域最大平均差异损失和分类器差异损失，实现源域和目标域之间的域分布对齐，从而实现无标记目标域样本的故障诊断.实验结果表明，所提方法与主流的域适应方法相比具有更高故障诊断准确率，验证了该方法的合理性和可行性.     

I ain’t afraid of no ghost

This paper criticizes the traditional philosophical account of the quantization of gauge theories and offers an alternative. On the received view, gauge theories resist quantization because they feature distinct mathematical representatives of the same physical state of affairs. This resistance is overcome by a sequence of ad hoc modifications, justified in part by reference to semiclassical electrodynamics. Among other things, these modifications introduce ”ghosts”: particles with unphysical properties which do not appear in asymptotic states and which are said to be purely a notational convenience. I argue that this sequence of modifications is unjustified and inadequate, making it a poor basis for the interpretation of ghosts. I then argue that gauge theories can be quantized by the same method as any other theory. On this account, ghosts are not purely notation: they are coordinates on the classical configuration space of the theory—specifically, on its gauge structure. This interpretation does not fall prey to the standard philosophical arguments against the significance of ghosts, due to Weingard. Weingard’s argumentative strategy, properly applied, in fact tells in favor of ghosts’ physical significance.     

条件故障下3-元n-立方体的容错分析

研究了条件边故障下3-元n-立方体中较大连通分支点的数目，进而证明了3-元n-立方体是(4n－6)-条件边故障强Menger边连通的。最后通过一个反例说明该结果是最优的。     

Fantastic Beasts and where (not) to find them: Local gravitational energy and energy conservation in general relativity

This paper critically examines energy-momentum conservation and local (differential) notions of gravitational energy in General Relativity (GR). On the one hand, I argue that energy-momentum of matter is indeed locally (differentially) conserved: Physical matter energy-momentum 4-currents possess no genuine sinks/sources. On the other hand, global (integral) energy-momentum conservation is contingent on spacetime symmetries. Local gravitational energy-momentum is found to be a supererogatory notion. Various explicit proposals for local gravitational energy-momentum are investigated and found wanting. Besides pseudotensors, the proposals considered include those of Lorentz and Levi-Civita, Pitts and Baker. It is concluded that the ontological commitment we ought to have towards gravitational energy in GR mimics the natural anti-realism/eliminativism towards apparent forces in Newtonian Mechanics.     

双自由度磁悬浮式桥梁振动能量采集器数值仿真和优化

提出了一种能利用桥梁振动能量为传感器持续供电的双自由度磁悬浮振动能量采集器(TMEH),该系统的能量采集效率远高于传统单自由度磁悬浮振动能量采集器(SMEH).推导了TMEH系统的运动控制方程和机电耦合方程;建立了TMEH的多目标优化模型,提出了基于NSGA2算法的能量采集器参数优化设计方法;最后将TMEH和SMEH在简谐振动激励和桥梁随机振动激励作用下的响应特性和能量采集效率进行了对比.研究结果表明:1)通过NSGA2算法优化设计,TMEH能获得更宽的采能带宽和更高的输出功率;2)TMEH比SMEH的采能效率有明显提高.在简谐振动激励和桥梁随机振动激励作用下,TMEH的输出功率比SMEH增加了约2倍.     

波动方程在半无穷柱体和外部区域上的空间爆破和衰减性

利用能量分析的方法, 首先考虑定义在三维半无穷柱体上的波动方程, 当空间变量趋于无穷时, 证明其解或者指数式增长或者指数式衰减; 其次, 考虑定义在球面外部区域上的波动方程, 证明其解随半径的二择一结果； 最后, 证明对于非线性弹性方程, 二择性定理仍有效.     

Gevrey势能的离散拟周期 Schrodinger算子的非扰动Anderson局域化

考虑一类具有Gevrey势能的离散拟周期Schrodinger算子, 其中其势能可写成一维环面上的大值解析函数加上Gevrey小扰动. 用大偏差定理和半代数理论证明在大系数下, 对任意的固定相位以及对几乎所有的频率, 该算子满足非扰动的Anderson局域化.